The M23 offensive on Goma resulted in widespread casualties. The UN estimates 900 deaths, while the Congolese government puts the figure at 2,000. Over 700,000 people are displaced within Goma as of early February.
In North Kivu, ADF attacks have killed hundreds. On 27 July, ADF fighters attacked a Christian congregation in Komanda, killing at least 40 worshippers including 13 children, according to the UN. ISIS claimed responsibility, saying 45 were killed.
On 13-19 November, coordinated ADF attacks in Lubero Territory killed 89 civilians, per MONUSCO. At least 60 people were killed while attending a funeral in Ntoyo, according to a local administrator. On January 28, 36 people were killed in Manzingi, Beni region, assumed to be by Ugandan rebels, said a local governor.
The OHCHR reported that at least 319 civilians were killed by M23 and Rwanda Defence Force members between 9 and 21 July in North Kivu. The exact death toll from the M23 offensive remains unclear, as does the number of people abducted by ADF.