Golden eagles were wiped out in England during the 19th century after a concerted campaign of hunting, driven by their perceived threat to livestock and grouse. These apex predators are considered a keystone species that can play a vital role in nature recovery more widely. Their ecological importance is underscored by their status as Britain's second largest bird of prey with an impressive two-metre wingspan.
Research and preparation for the reintroduction have been extensive. A study led by Forestry England examined 28 possible locations for new golden eagle populations, identifying eight as suitable due to the right climate, landscape, and minimal potential for disturbance, with Northumberland emerging as the favourite. Over the last eight years, 28 chicks from the Scottish Highlands and Orkney Isles have been brought down to the Scottish border and successfully established, with some of these birds temporarily migrating into England.
After years of this research and successful reinforcement, the government is now backing a parallel project in Northumberland. Ecologically, golden eagles offer significant benefits as apex predators. Bringing golden eagles back to the country's landscape can help control mesopredators like foxes and badgers.
Restoring Upland Nature said they have seen widespread support for the return of the 'impressive' species but farming communities have previously raised concerns about the threat this predator could pose to lambs.
Their capabilities are notable, as they are one of the fastest animals on the planet, reaching speeds of up to 200 mph as they dive, and have razor-sharp vision, able to spot a rabbit moving three miles away. This reintroduction effort occurs within a broader context of the UK's nature depletion. The UK is one of the most nature-depleted countries in the world, with one in six species at risk of extinction according to 2023 research by NGOs and academics.
The government has backed a number of species reintroduction programmes over the years, including re-establishing pine martens, beavers, and whitefaced darter dragonflies. Public consultation and stakeholder engagement are key next steps. Forestry England will launch a public consultation alongside the charity behind the successful return of the species to the Scottish border.
Restoring Upland Nature said they have seen widespread support for the return of the 'impressive' species but farming communities have previously raised concerns about the threat this predator could pose to lambs. Implementation details and remaining questions about the project are still being finalized. Beyond the general timeline of 'as early as next year,' the exact schedule for the reintroduction project in Northumberland has not been specified.
Additionally, while Northumberland is the favourite among eight identified locations, it is unknown which specific areas, such as the North Pennines or The Lakes, are being prioritized after Northumberland. The detailed concerns from farming communities regarding threats to lambs, and how they will be addressed, also await further clarification as the project moves forward.