The study brought together over 250 archaeologists and anthropologists, combining genomic sequences of 5,820 ancient individuals and 6,438 modern humans. The database included DNA from 10,016 ancient burial sites across Europe and Asia. Researchers pinpointed 479 genes whose rate of change was greater than expected, though the specific genetic variants driving the increase in red hair remain unclear.
Harvard University researchers noted that perhaps having red hair was beneficial 4,000 years ago, or perhaps it came along for the ride with a more important trait. The exact rate of increase in red hair frequency over time and how much is due to natural selection versus genetic drift remain unknown. Red hair has traditionally been linked to strength and vitality.
In Hawaii, Polynesians with red hair are believed to be descendants of fire gods. Biologically, redheads are more sensitive to hot and cold temperatures, and a single strand of red hair is typically thicker than other shades. Redheads have fewer strands of hair, averaging around 90,000 compared to a blonde's 110,000 and a brunette's 140,000.
They also produce more Vitamin D in a shorter period than those with other hair colours. A 2022 study found that redheaded women are more sexually active, have greater desire, and have sex at least one more time per week than others. In media, 30% of TV commercials broadcast during prime time feature a ginger-haired individual.
Ed Sheeran reportedly described his ginger hair as a superpower that boosted his music career. Elizabeth I, a natural redhead, wore red wigs to conceal her grey hair in later life. Prince Harry has joked that the ginger gene is a strong one.
Karen Gillan takes great pride in her natural red hair and has expressed a desire to have ginger children.