Elevated blood cholesterol can heighten the risk of heart disease and other circulatory complications. Increased levels of LDL, commonly called 'bad' cholesterol, can lead to the formation of fatty deposits, called plaques, inside the walls of arteries. Diminished blood circulation to vital organs, particularly the heart and brain, raises the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack, stroke, or peripheral artery disease.
Statins work by inhibiting an enzyme (HMG-CoA reductase) in the liver, which is crucial for cholesterol production, helping reduce the amount of 'bad' cholesterol (LDL) in the blood and potentially stabilising arterial plaque. Beneficial foods for lowering cholesterol are abundant in soluble fibre, plant sterols and stanols, and omega-3 fatty acids. Some foods, such as oats and plant sterols, also aid the liver in removing more cholesterol from the blood to produce bile.
However, no single food or dietary change can rival the effectiveness of statin medications in lowering cholesterol. Statins are highly effective cholesterol-lowering medications that should be taken as directed by a doctor. Some foods can help lower cholesterol levels through lifestyle changes and may form part of a broader strategy for heart health.
Alongside medication, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight are essential for heart health.