Carbon coating on ash solves volcanic lightning mystery
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7 claimsOpen Questions
5 questionsWhat specific carbon-containing molecules in air cause the coating?
How does the thickness or composition of the carbon coating affect charge transfer?
Can this mechanism fully explain the intensity of volcanic lightning in all eruptions?
Are there other factors (e.g., water vapor) that contribute to volcanic lightning?
How does this finding apply to predicting volcanic lightning or volcanic hazards?
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